ABSTRACT
Phthalate derivatives cause a number of risks to human health and the environment. Essential oil and volatile fractions of some vegetables and herbal products were extracted by hydrodistillation and percolation methods to analyze using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for evaluation of phthalate contaminations. The results revealed that four vegetables and all aromatic waters were contaminated by phthalate derivatives including di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (0.1-7.95%). Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a widely used synthetic antioxidant, was also found in the most of the aromatic waters in the range of 3.15-61.3%. In addition, three vegetable samples contained diazinon (0.36-4.61%), an organophosphorus insecticide. Plants and herbal preparations may be contaminated by the absorption of phthalates from contaminated water or soil or by the migration of phthalates from inexpensive recycled plastic. Regarding the widespread use and associated health risks of phthalates, effective quality and safety regulations for herbal products should be implemented with respect to their phthalate content.
Los derivados de ftalato causan una serie de riesgos para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. El aceite esencial y las fracciones volaÌtiles de algunos vegetales y productos a base de hierbas fueron extraiÌdos mediante hidrodestilacioÌn y meÌtodos de percolacioÌn y luego fueron analizados mediante cromatografiÌa de gases y espectrometriÌa de masas (GC-MS) con el propoÌsito de identificar contaminacioÌn con ftalatos. Los resultados revelaron que cuatro productos herbales y todas las aguas aromaÌticas analizadas estaban contaminadas con derivados de ftalato, incluyendo el ftalato de dibutulo (DBP), ftalato de diisobutilo y ftalato de bis(2-etilhexilo) (DEHP) (0.1-7.95%). El butilhidroxitolueno (BHT), un antioxidante sinteÌtico ampliamente utilizado, tambieÌn se encontroÌ en aguas aromaÌticas en el rango de 3.15- 61.3%. AdemaÌs, tres muestras vegetales conteniÌan diazinoÌn (0.36-4.61%), un insecticida organofosforado. Las plantas y las preparaciones herbales pueden ser contaminadas a partir de absorcioÌn de ftalatos del agua o el suelo contaminados o por la migracioÌn de ftalatos desde plaÌstico reciclado de bajo costo. Con respecto al uso generalizado y los riesgos asociados a la salud de los ftalatos, deben implementarse normas efectivas de calidad y seguridad para los productos a base de hierbas con respecto a su contenido de ftalato.
Subject(s)
Phthalic Acids/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Preparations/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Objective To study chemical constituents of the roots of Eupatorium chinense. Methods The chemical constituents were separated and purified by the normal phase silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin-layer chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by various spectral data. Results Nineteen compounds were isolated from the acetic ether extract of E. chinense and the structures were identified as euparin (1), 1-[2-(1-acetoxymethyl-vinyl)-6-hydroxy-benzofuran-5-yl]- ethanone (2), 6-hydroxy-3β-methoxytrematone (3), euparone (4), 8-methoxy-9-hydroxythymol (5), dehydroespeleton (6), 8-methoxy-9-hydroxythymol 3-O-angelate (7), 9-hydroxythymol (8), 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid methyl ester (9), p-hydroxy benzaldehyde (10), 8,9-dehydro-10-hydroxythymol (11), diisobutyl phthalate (12), dibutyl phthalate (13), p-coumaric acid (14), dihydrocoumarin (15), methylcaffeate (16), 2,5-dimethylphenol (17), 1H-indazole (18), and (Z)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylocta- 2,6-dienly1 acetate (19). Conclusion The chemical constituents are investigated and identified from the roots of E. chinense for the first time. Among them, compounds 2, 3, 5-11 are isolated from E. chinense for the first time, and compounds 6, 9, 12, 14-19 are isolated from the genus of Eupatorium for the first time. Compounds 1-4 are benzofurans, which are the characteristic constituents in Eupatorium genus.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the active constituents from the stems of Orostachys malacophyllus in Changbai Mountain. Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract from the stems of O. malacophyllus was separated by chromatographic methods, structure identification was by means of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra, and the activity was determined by CCK-8 experiment. Results: Five compounds were isolated and identified as 1-ethyl-2-hydroxysuccinate (1), 1-ethyl-2-O-[(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl) oxy]-succinate (2), 1,4-dimethy-2-O-[(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl) oxy]-succinate (3), 1,4-dimethy-2-O-[(4-dihydroxybenzoyl) oxy]-succinate (4), and diisobutyl phthalate (5). Conclusion: Compounds 1-5 are isolated from the plants of this genus for the first time. Among them, compound 2 is a new compound named orostachysolic acid, and exhibits cytotoxicity against HeLa cell with IC50 value of 111.5 μmol/L.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the secondary metabolites of sponge-derived fungus Penicillium sp. HPQJ10. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods on silica gel, Sephadex-LH20 columns and semi-prep HPLC. The structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Results: Forteen compounds were isolated and identified as N-[(Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethenyl] formamide (1), 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl acetate (2), 6,8,5′6′-tetrahydroxy-3′- methylflavone (3), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4), cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Val) (5), cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu) (6), diisobutyl phthalate (7), dibutyl phthalate (8), 7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyPropyl)-5-methyl chromone (9), 2-(2,4-dimethoxylphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2,4-triazole (10), (22E,24R)-ergenol-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (11), cyclo-(Leu-Pro-Ile-Pro) (12), 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (13), and 3-methoxyphenol (14). Conclusion: Except for compounds 1, 3, 10, and 11, other compounds are isolated from Penicillium sp. for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria. Methods: Compounds were isolated and purified by the normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel, RP-18, and semi-manufactured preparation HPLC method. Their structures were identified by the methods of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR combined with physicochemical property. Results: Sixteen compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fraction in 95% ethanol extract of P. urinaria and their structures were gallic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), ethyl gallate (3), methyl gallate (4), 4-ethoxybenzoic acid (5), diisobutyl phthalate (6), dibutyl phthalate (7), (4R,6R)-2,3-dihydromenisdaurilide (8), (4R,6S)-2,3-dihydromenisdaurilide (9), aquilegiolide (10), menisdaurilide (11), cassipourol (12), (9Z,12Z)-nonadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (13), methyl linoleate (14), stigmasterol (15), and (8R,8'S,7S)-4'-(3″- methoxyrhamnopyranosyl) oxy-8'-hydroxy-3,3',4-trimethoxy-8-hydroxymethyl-lign-7-9'-lactone (16). Conclusion: Compounds 5-7, 10, 11, 13, and 14 are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 8, 9, 12, and 16 are first isolated from the plants in genus Phyllanthus L. for the first time.